While anyone can be a target for these various forms of cyberbullying, the ones who are normally targeted however are usually the ones who are deemed to be push-overs deemed by the attacker. These are the people who aren’t considered very popular, they have very rundown materials (they still have a flip phone or still play with the Nintendo 64 rather than the new gaming system) they don’t have certain privileges that rich or middle class people have, tend to have low self-esteem already, and he/she does not socialize or is afraid to. Why do they pick on these people you ask? Its simple think about it someone who doesn’t like someone who is “lame” can easily attack someone who is not very social and sometimes “ a sad sight for sore eyes” because they won’t fight back, they will just lay down and take the abuse. When they finally have had enough they’ll fight back by ending their own life, or doing bodily or mental harm to others . Which is exactly what the bully wants: they want to make the bully feel worthless and that no one will miss him/her, or push them to their limit, just so they can get some quality entertainment.
Technology has offered allot to our society but has also harmed us. A known example of a catastrophic to our world instance caused by technology is the Chernobyl disaster. On the twenty sixth of April 1986 in Ukraine an explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant released a large amount of radioactive particles in the atmosphere spreading over much of Europe and the Western USSR. In this accident thirty one people died and many long term problems were caused such as environmental and health issues.
Despite all the bad press, Exxon is still able to continue to be a renowned oil company. Exxon is the second largest U.S. corporation and biggest oil company. One of the biggest mistakes was that Exxon’s chairman, Lawrence G. Rawl, did not go to Alaska to deal with the oil spill. Instead, he sent a lower-ranking executive to take control of the situation. This gave the impression that the company did not take the pollution seriously and it did not require the attention of a top-level manager. Critics say, “Exxon violated some cardinal rules of crisis management, practitioners of this new specialty say. They predict that the Exxon Valdez episode will become a textbook example of what not to do when an unexpected crisis thrusts a company into the limelight (Holusha).” Even though the oil spill was the largest spill to ever occur, Exxon did not succumb to the media’s outcry of how poorly they have handled the situation. This may be startling to some, however, Exxon effectively advertised through their public relations department by sending apologetic messages and was able to diffuse the situation and take responsibility.
One of the reasons that an employer will hire and fire an employee in the work force is because of background checks. Today, more than two billion people use some kind of social media in order to connect with clients or employees. Of those two billion, Francois Cilliers says that, “Two-thirds (67%) of online American adults are Facebook users” (Cilliers 1) Social media has become a successful tool for companies because it allows them to look up someone and see their recent activity, what they post for pictures, and how they represent themselves. This can cause people to lose their jobs or not get certain position. EEOC chair Jacqueline Barrien said, “’The increasing use of social media in the 21st century workplace presents new opportunities as well as questions and concerns”’ (Barrien) The problem with using the background checks through social media is that employers are only getting a picture painted of what a person is like and from what Cilliers said, “…The use of social media entails some risks on the employer side.” (Cilliers 1). When it comes to social media there is more risk than reward. One wrong post can cause a person to lose their job, but one right post can help them get recruited into a job.
Critics wonder why cyberbullying especially harmful in comparison to face to face bullying. The answer is simple- anonymity. Anonymity gives people a false sense of courage and blanket of protection where they may say things that they wouldn’t have the audacity to do in person because there are seemingly no consequences. In addition bullying someone over the internet gives you more efficient access to the person without the worry of repercussions from observing bystanders and leads to less of an uncomfortable circumstance because you don’t have to witness the person respond to the bulliers actions. According to CyberBullyHotline.com 71.9% of high school students reported being cyber bullied once or twice in the school year. 19.6% reported once or twice a month. 5.3% reported once or twice a week. 3.1% reported almost everyday. The comfort of being able to say anything one might want to say regardless of how harsh it is the cause of drastic repercussions such as suicide.
"I had this God-awful feeling and I ran up into her room and she had hung herself in the closet." (MeganMeierFoundation) Megan Meier was only 14 years old and a victim of cyberbullying. The culprit? A family that lived right down the road. Megan was suffering from depression since her early childhood and also was diagnosed with ADD, making her an easy target for this awful family. As a victim of cyberbullying myself, the mental damage that it does on one’s psyche is something that goes unspoken of in many circles. In order to understand this, one must have a clear definition of what cyberbullying is. Cyberbullying is “the use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group that is intended to harm others.” ( Wesley 1) The family that took the life of Megan Meier fits this bill perfectly. This is evidence that not only physical bullying, but cyberbullying, can mentally affect one to the point of suicide. However, the decay is begun at an early stage and only gets progressively worse with time.
The bomb dropped on Hiroshima, known as “Little boy”, exploded at 8:15 in the morning, some 1900 feet above the ground. The bomb created temperatures over one million degrees Celsius at the heart of the explosion. The scorching hot temperatures then proceeded to ignite the air creating a fireball over 840 feet. Survivors who saw the fireball from u to 5 miles away stated that “its brightness exceeded the sun tenfold.” The fierce fires and increasing temperatures created a firestorm that incinerated everything 4 miles from the blast zone. Then came the “Black rain”. This deadly rain contained dirt, soot, and radioactive particles. This rain than proceeded to contaminate water supplies in places that weren’t even close to Hiroshima. The bomb detonated right on top of Shima Surgical Hospital which made immediate relief impossible. Little Boy instantly killed 140,000 with 100,000 injured, and many more to pass due to radiation poisoning.
The Amazon rainforest has the most biodiversity on the planet, obviously, logging and other forms of deforestation are taking a huge toll on that biodiversity. Tim Boekhout van Solinge states that, “Tropical deforestation obviously… leads to ecological degradation, destruction and the disappearance of animal and plant species” (Solinge 266). Many species of animals have gone extinct as a result of deforestation. This happens because the animal looses the area it lives in, or it looses the place the animal depends on to feed. The Muriquis for example live in trees that provide food for them, as well as protection from many predators. When those trees are taken down, the loose both their homes and their food supply. Because of deforestation in the Amazon, the Muriquis is now endangered.
In a matter of just 32 seconds, a legendary airship went from elite status to smoldering in a fiery inferno of flames. The Hindenburg airship crashed on May 6th, 1937. To this day the cause of that disaster is still a mystery. There is evidence pointing to sabotage, evidence pointing to a fuel leak and evidence pointing to lightening in the air. With all the evidence gathered however, there is only one logical conclusion on how such an elite airship could be pummeled into flames so easily, and that is a simple spark to the hydrogen supply. The evidence confirms the theory of a spark igniting the hydrogen supply. To this point in time, many airships were constructed and inflated using hydrogen gas. However, the problem with hydrogen gas is that it is extremely flammable despite its lighter weight. As Ballard Campbell expresses in his book American Disasters, “To provide the necessary lift, the Hindenburg’s 16 gas cells still had to be filled with combustible hydrogen” (Campbell, 267). At 7:21 PM crew members of the Hindenburg starting to drop the manila ropes from the ship downwards to begin the landing process. The weather on May 6th was a bit questionable; stormy and wet. Not 15 seconds later the first spark lit the hydrogen gas. As Neil Schlager describes it in his book When Technology Fails, “Within seconds, all of these subtle phenomena were followed by a burst of exploding, flaming hydrogen blasting from the top, just forward of the upper fin” (Schlager, 144). A lot of evidence gathered confirms that the manila ropes that were dropped, with the combination of the weather conditions leading to static electricity, ignited a spark on the hull of the airship that soon fueled the hydrogen gas into a large fiery explosion. Although no cause has been confirmed, experts have said this is the most logical reason the elite airship Hindenburg crashed saying, “The final, official judgement was that the Hindenburg was destroyed accidentally by unusual but natural causes” (Schlager, 145).
ISIS’s social media tactics have been unprecedented in terms in terms of its ability to recruit westerners. "The foreign terrorist now has direct access into the United States like never before," said Michael Steinbach, assistant director of the FBI's counterterrorism division, to the House Homeland Security Committee this week. As of June 5th, 2015, an estimated 3,400 westerners have fled to Join Isis, and at least two hundred Americans have attempted go to Syria (Sanchez, CNN.com). Their ability to reach potential recruits has allowed them to recruit a lot more efficiently. There are thousands of pro-Isis messages being put on the internet, and ISIS just counting that they “land on an individual whose susceptible to that type of terrorist propaganda,” said John Carlin, the assistant attorney general heading the Justice Department's national-security division. If the individual plans to do join ISIS, but stay in their current country, the individual will often plan to make attacks in their own country. John Carlin explains that once an individual who shows legitimate interest in the United States, they will contact the individual and give them “coaching and guidance on how to do an attack inside the United States."
CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrates the possibility to revolutionize the health field through developing cancer models, eliminating infectious diseases, and increasing fertility and decreasing miscarriages in women. Firstly, cancer is a major obstacle in healthcare; however, in order to find a cure and enhance treatments, researchers must understand the mechanics of cancer. In “Modeling cancer processes with CRISPR-Cas9,” Xiao-Jie Lu et al. describe how CRISPR-Cas9 may benefit cancer research through the creation of models using gene engineering. For instance, such a technique can “introduce multiple gene mutations simultaneously” in the stem cells of a mouse then cause leukemia in recipient mice (Lu et al. 1). Models have been created in vitro, in a cell culture, and in vivo, in a living organism, to model lung and liver cancer in order for researchers to understand the mechanisms of cancer (Lu et al. 3). Secondly, CRISPR-Cas9 has been successfully tested in mosquito gene drives. The goal of editing the mosquito genome is to eliminate the male population of mosquitoes; therefore, mosquitoes will be unable to reproduce. Over time, the mosquito population will die which will eliminate diseases such as malaria and zika. CRISPR-Cas9 has proven successful in test populations of Saccharomyces, Drosophila, and mosquitoes. According to Kenneth Oye et al.’s article, “Regulating Gene Drives,” the technique cuts “sequences specified by guide RNA molecules.” Oye et al. go on to write that CRISPR-Cas9 may potentially “edit nearly any gene in sexually reproducing populations” (Oye et al.). Thirdly, gene drives may benefit human reproduction which will allow larger, healthier populations to develop. In “Britain approves controversial gene-editing experiments,” Maria Cheng writes of England’s success using CRISPR-Cas9 in increasing fertility and decreasing miscarriages. Genome edits can reduce health risks in infants by increasing genetic diversity. For instance, researchers were allowed to use DNA from three individuals to prevent babies from inheriting “fatal diseases from their mothers.” In addition, England’s success allowed the country to transfer “genetically modified embryos” into women (Cheng). CRISPR-Cas9 has great potential to develop growth in a healthier society.
Before WCST became a new outlet for child pornography and child prostitution, those predators were consumers of child sex tourism. In that act, adults would travel to a lesser-developed foreign country in Asia, Central, or South America and engage in sexual activities with children in that country (US Department of Justice). Enacted in 1994, the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration requires states to register sex offenders and those who have committed crimes against children. That law makes it difficult for predators to become consumers of child sex tourism within the United States, which causes them to travel across international border (Federal Register). Sex tours can be arranged as easily as booking a vacation through a travel agency. They include round-trip airfare, lodging, transportation, a local guide, and a “companion.” Those agencies, which provide child sex tours, still exist today because they often operate under corrupt law enforcement officials (Bang 38). Those child sex tourists and agencies justify their actions because they believe that they are “helping” the children that they are exploiting. Firstly, they say that those children in developing countries need the money in order for their families to avoid economic hardships. Secondly, they add that engaging in sexual acts with children is more acceptable because they do not have American “social taboos against having sex with children,” (US Department of Justice). Although child sex predators may try to justify their acts, they cannot be stopped if the government and law administrations are lax with their enforcement.
Although there is no direct method to prevent ozone depletion, there are several proposed methods to tackle this growing problem. The most popular proposal is called geoengineering which is the “large-scale manipulation of Earth systems for the purpose of counteracting climate change and its effects” (Morrow). It was first used in World War II, relying on developing technologies to alter weather systems to obtain favorable climate conditions on a regional scale. The most famous of these techniques is cloud seeding, a process that attempts to create rain clouds to dry farmlands by dispensing silver iodide or solid carbon dioxide particles into rain-bearing clouds. But today, researchers have proposed two approaches to the use of geoengineering: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM). Carbon Dioxide Removal involves the removal of carbon from the atmosphere and allows more energy to readily escape into space, and Solar Radiation Management reflects sunlight back into space to prevent Earth from absorbing as much energy in the first place. Although CDR is slower and more expensive, Morrow rationalizes that “this method gets to the root of the problem and raises fewer ethical issues than SRM, which would only mask the problem”. Some CDR techniques include: enhanced rock weathering, ocean fertilization, and direct air capture of carbon dioxide. Some SRM techniques include: marine cloud brightening and stratospheric aerosol injecting which involves lofting particles into the upper atmosphere to reflect sunlight. Geoengineering has never been attempted, proposals have appeared in the late 20th century but only gained popularity when series of discussion and research papers on geoengineering appeared in the Climatic Change journal in 2006. While researchers have conducted computer simulations and proposed a small number of small-scale tests of the underlying physics behind each method, social scientists and philosophers have begun actively exploring issues in geoengineering ethics and governance.
Domino effect continues with the reduction in purchasing across the board. Spending money is actually a good thing it stimulates the economy. Individuals from the upper class and lower classes stopped purchasing items. People stop buying extra goods because of fears of further economic woes. This then led to a reduction in the number of items produced and thus another reason why people got laid off from work force and job training in specialized fields. Companies couldn’t afford to pay higher wages because no one was spending money because they were simply scared of the economy and what the future may hold so people saved even the rich. With no money going into businesses they can’t pay to get specialized training witch is very important. For example a heart or brain sergeant has to have a particular set of skills to do what he/she does. That’s not the only field but it’s very important to improve the United States as a whole. Since people wasn’t buying goods this caused more inventory began to accumulate. As people lost their jobs, they were unable to keep up with paying for items they had bought through installment plans and their items were repossessed. According to Gene Smiley, during this time unemployment rate rose above 25%. Spending money is a huge part of our economy if people stop buying our economy can’t grow witch is very bad. During this time people are scared of spending money because of the stock market crash and don’t trust the banks because of all the bank failures. So people just kept their money in safes, under mattress or any other creative place they could find. This is bad because it locks up money in a place where it’s not constantly being cycled back and forth between workers and employers, between businesses and customers. Don’t get me wrong saving money could be really good for the economy only if you put it in the bank so the bank can use your money to loan out. A healthy economy need both saving in the banks and spending.
Some people believe that technology’s only use is to assist in the education process. But, technology was one of the driving forces behind the advancement in the United States education system. In the book The Race Between Education and Technology, written by Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, they discuss how technology helped drive people to further their education. They bringup the point that in between 1910 and 1920, clerical jobs were being replaced by machinery. So because of the replacements, there was an increase need of skilled, educated workers. In the following years, Goldin and Katz state that “Each generation of Americans achieved a level of education that greatly exceeded that of the previous one, with typical adults having considerably more years of schooling than their parents.” (pp.287) Because of the constantly developing technology, not as many manual labor jobs are available as there once was. There are jobs though to be the ones operating that technology and even creating the latest and greatest advancements. These jobs require a higher level of education than ever before, which is why each generation has been spending more years in school and earning higher degrees than the one before. In a study done by PEW research Center, women in the Millennial generation are four times more likely as their grandparents to receive at least a bachelor’s degree. While 21% of men of the millennial generation have at least a bachelor’s degree compared to only 12% of the Silent generation men. This is all increasing with the advancement of technology. This shows the role technology had encouraging the improvement of education, not just as a tool in the education system.
The Chernobyl accident was so catastrophic that till this day, even twenty years after the incident, people still have problems with their health. To make clear how damaging it was for the world, more than four hundred radioactive materials were released in Chernobyl than in the explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima. According to many people, thyroid cancer on kids is the worst symptom this accident had on the human health. More than ten thousand people are at this moment affected by the disease of thyroid cancer according to the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Since this incident the rate of thyroid cancer has raised for all ages but especially for adults.
To start with, it should be made clear that this was not an explosion nor an accident. The shuttle was in one-piece and the people on board still alive when it made contact with the ocean (Allinson 108). And since the association of the word “accident” is an event that is unpreventable and unseen, the Challenger disaster was no accident either. For years before the disaster, scientists and analysts at NASA were worried about the technical limits of space flight. At the top of their list of things that could jeopardize missions was the O-rings itself. In a memo from July 23, 1985, which was leaked to a New York Times reporter after the disaster, two experts from NASA were remarked that “there is little question, however, that flight safety has been and is still being compromised by potential failure of the seals…” and when asked what would happen if the O-rings failed, they answered that “the shuttle would blow up.” (Cook 35). The failure of O-rings is heavily associated with the ambient temperature. It was recognized that every prior launch conducted below ambient temperature 61º F had resulted in one or more distressed O-rings (Rogers Commission report). The maker of the O-rings used on the Challenger shuttle was Morton Thiokol Inc., which became a household name following the disaster. On the night of January 27th, engineers from the company reported that they were recommending cancellation of launch the next day. This was because of the extremely low temperatures and reports were made that evening. By 1900 hours that night, their recommendations were being discussed by Level I NASA officials. Here, the presidential commission notes that Morton Thiokol’s management and engineers were strong-armed by powerful NASA officials. George Hardy, deputy director of science and engineering at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) reportedly chastised Morton Thiokol’s representatives saying he was “appalled” by their recommendation. Lawrence Mulloy, head of space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) program at MSFC said, “When do you want me to launch, Thiokol, next April?” (Cook 42). Giving in to the pressure, Morton Thiokol management reversed their decision at 2300 hours that night. In their official statement, they added that “the engineers had no part in writing the recommendation and refused to sign it. The engineers did not change from their original recommendation” (Allinson 122).
Men are coming up with scams to lurer women into sex trafficking. With technological advancement they can hide behind websites like Facebook, modeling agencies, and other websites. They are using tactics to get them intrigued by giving them compliments. They are persuasive by pointing out their characteristics of how they are special and that they have the potential to become famous. A daily situation like this would occur, in Illinois a nineteen year old girl came across a modeling ad. Instead the sex offender offering her a modeling job he convinced her to meet someone in a hotel to have sex with. The sex offender would become her pimp a along the way would sell her to other clients.
Men are coming up with scams to lurer women into sex trafficking. With technological advancement they can hide behind websites like Facebook, modeling agencies, and other websites. They are using tactics to get them intrigued by giving them compliments. They are persuasive by pointing out their characteristics of how they are special and that they have the potential to become famous. A daily situation like this would occur, in Illinois a nineteen year old girl came across a modeling ad. Instead the sex offender offering her a modeling job he convinced her to meet someone in a hotel to have sex with. The sex offender would become her pimp a along the way would sell her to other clients.
The Hypocrisy of Western Countries Western society has not shied away from advocating its disapproval of China’s anti environment energy policies, pleading that the government take steps in reducing fossil fuel emissions. On Wednesday November 12th 2014, Chinese president Xi Jinping met with US president Barak Obama who together collaborated over a joint plan between the two countries, in efforts to reduce both Chinese and American greenhouse emotions. President Obama set the goal to cut Americas “by at least 26 percent from 2005 levels by 2025.” President Jinping claimed that China would reach its peak in emitting carbon dioxide by “around 2030” and from there either remain stagnant or begin to decrees. President Jinping added that 20 percent of Chinese energy would be renewable at that point, a 10 percent increase since 2013. This would still place China as the most polluting country in the world, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory predicting that it would be emitting 12 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide. This has prompted western leaders to condemn Chinas economic growth, pointing fingers at them as if China were the cause of global warming itself. Reducing Chinas carbon dioxide emissions would certainly contribute to combating climate change. The former European Union climate commissioner Connie Hedegraad said that by doing so, it would “be a very important gift from China to the whole world” (Edward Wong 2014). However, In the grad scope of things, the west is just as guilty to contributing to global warming, and some would argue more, as China is. In 2014, 39 percent of US electricity was produced by coal. This is much smaller when compared to China, of which 80 percent of its electricity is created through coal powered power plants (Edward Wong 2014). Never the less, the US is still the second largest emitter of carbon dioxide, with China only recently surpassing the US at the turn of the century. Although western countries like the US make claims to making significant advances in clean energy as well as becoming energy independent, reliance on current fossil fuel consumption and energy imports prove otherwise. In 1973, the US imported approximately 35 percent of its oil. In 2003, that number had increased to 55 percent (coincidently, this is when Bush declared mission accomplished in Afghanistan). Other westernized countries have experiences the same trend, increasingly relying on imported sources of energy. In 2004, Japan consumed on average 5.4 million barrels of oil on a daily basis, nearly all of it being imported. Even Germany, a world renowned country in advocating for clean renewable energy, imported 93 percent of its 2.6 million barrels a day oil consumption. Finally, France at the time imported virtually all of its oil. As managing partner at NGP Energy Technology Partners Phillip J. Deutch put it, “energy independence is a distant dream for all these countries.”
There has been over 200 million children use for child prostitute since the 1990s. According to Fanny Busuttil, Women who is seeking sexual activity with little boys prefer to go to India (Goa), Jamaica or Gambia whereas men travel to South-East Asia, Morocco, Senegal, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Panama, Suriname and Brazil. “There has been over 500,000 children forced prostitution in India, according to estimates and Local children’s rights and international agencies report that many tourists travelling to Goa seek out child prostitutes”. (Rao) In Goa, children in the sex industry can be found in Baina and the Children’s Park at Panaji. Baina is a red light district and frequented by locals as well as foreign tourists. Many of the children in these areas have been trafficked into prostitution from the States of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. “The coastal areas of Goa, particularly the beaches, are the favorite destination of tourists and also the place where many children are forced into sex through informal prostitution facilitated by their parents, relatives or other intermediaries”. (Rao) Causes of Child sex tourism According to Busuttil Fanny Social issues such as Poverty, lack of education, and unemployment all contribute to the use of children as sex salve. Sex workers include children whose basic needs cannot be met by family for reasons of unemployment, under-employment and loss of one or both parents. “However, over 50% of child sex workers have parents in employment and are still attending school in the resort areas but would like to earn additional pocket money” (Nairobi). Another factor is weak family structure: Family breakdown is seen as an important aspect leading to children being exposed to abuse. There are many street children in India because they have run away from home and live on the streets due to problems at home. Problems can be anything like drug abuse, alcoholism or physical or mental illness of their parents or sometimes other family members. These children are forced to grow up with lack of parental supervision which can caused them end up wandering on the streets and are vulnerable to the lures of sex tourists. According to the UNICEF report one huge factor that fuels sexual tourism of children is the demand for sexual contact with children. “Opportunistic individuals and organized criminals take advantage of the demand for child sex by generating a constant supply of vulnerable children” (UNIEF). They identify potential victims and bring the supply to the demand, creating a veritable child sex market. As a result, vulnerable and victimized children become a means of massive profit generation for these opportunists. A huge factors that plays into the rise of child sex tourism is corruption and inadequate laws because offenders are not held accountable when laws are not properly implemented. While not all law enforcement officials are corrupt, there is evidence of immoral acts within the police force. Either police commit sexual abuse themselves, accept a brothel owners ‘offer of free services in exchange for their silence, or simply, do not act. “Even though charges are brought against offenders they manage to jump bail and leave the country. There have been very few convictions.” (AFP) Child slaves family’s expectation In developing countries, children often follow their family footstep in terms of the career because of tradition, some research suggests that girl’s child enter the sex industry as a direct result of unspoken expectation by other family members, including sisters or mothers already in the industry. “Many of the girls are from the States of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra and often the daughters of migrant women involved in the sex industry”(Sen)
The Chernobyl disaster had caused much damage to the forest sitting around the city. The Red Forest had to deal with a lot of radioactive particles drifting all over the air and setting on top of all the trees in the forest. The particles on the trees have been killing approximately hectares of pine forest and has killed most of the Scots Pines in the area as well (Flanary). Problems have been getting a little better for the Red Forest because now recovery teams are starting to replace all of the all Pine trees with new uncontaminated ones. The recovery team saw a huge risk for the old trees because of how contaminated they had become they were a risk of starting fires and evening at risk of contaminating new healthy trees that were being planted. After replanting trees to help decontaminate the Red Forest they also began to dig trenches and bury the old trees. After doing this the radiation levels decreased by 4-50 times and by the second half of 1987, the maximum level of exposure went down to 180 mR/h (Izrael). The Red Forest has had better days, but the recent events have really created a much more suitable environment for the trees in the forest. It seems like even after all of the contamination from the gamma rays that there seems to be a bright side for the Red Forest.
Though we know much about DNA and genetics, there is still so much more we do not know. The unintended and unforeseen consequences of changing a child’s DNA could be disastrous. According to Thomas R Mertens and Sandra K. Robinson “these potential problems are of the same magnitude as those that confronted society with the development of the atomic bomb. Society was generally unprepared for the social, moral and ethical problems posed by the Atomic Age. Should it also enter the Genetic Age unprepared? Would it not be better to indulge in some thoughtful introspection while we have time to do so, rather than be forced to make decisions having profound biologic, social, and ethical implications under the pressure of some ‘genetic bomb’?” (282 Selected readings in genetic engineering). The problem with changing someones DNA is “we do not know how to prevent new mutations from occurring; indeed, we usually do not even know that a recessive mutation has arisen until it is segregated in the homozygous condition, perhaps many generations after the event” (Nobel Laureate Joshua Lederberg) (283 Selected readings in genetic engineering). We do not understand or have enough information about DNA and genetics and their effects on future generations well enough to warrant us risking such disasters.
Stem cells reduce a big risk for certain patients, which is body’s resistance toward transplanted organ. While organ transplant can be very efficient in a long-term, it should be reminded that in order to see in long-term, short-term must be passed. However, unfortunately, patients with serious chronic illnesses such as heart diseases have a high risk of failure of immune system. Since a transplanted organ is not originally a part of their own bodies, patients’ bodies naturally respond to them as they would to antigens. In order to suppress the rejection of the body, patients are injected immunosuppressants which manipulate their immune system to cut off the possibility of rejection. The problem is, however, those immunosuppresants can be detrimental to patients with prolonged illnesses, whose bodies lack immune system already.
One way the internet is used is for psychological warfare (usip 5). The internet is used for threats, spread false information, and can show videos of their methods. The threats put out by these groups are mainly for fear, and rarely are they carried through. Also, it allows groups to be recognized. “The Internet—an uncensored medium that carries stories, pictures, threats, or messages regardless of their validity or potential impact—is peculiarly well suited to allowing even a small group to amplify its message and exaggerate its importance and the threat it poses” (usip 5), small groups desperately need the internet to be recognized, and this quote shows the manner in which they gain recognition. Once any group gains popularity, they can manipulate the internet in many ways.
Computer have got so smart that humans started calling computer robots meaning, a mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complexity human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance. Robots now perform roughly ten percent of manufacturing tasks that can be done by machines, in the United States automatic industry a machine working cost eight dollars an hour versus twenty five dollars an hour for a human to work. Companies all over the world not just the USA tends to start thinking about replacing workers when a cost of owning and operating a system come at a fifteen percent discount to employing a human counterpart. From the robots working so fast and good the shift will mean an increase demand for human to sharpen up on skills to compete or keep up with a machine. There will be changed in the future mainly will be forced in four areas in the works force transportation equipment, including the automotive sector, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment and machinery.
While anyone can be a target for these various forms of cyberbullying, the ones who are normally targeted however are usually the ones who are deemed to be push-overs deemed by the attacker. These are the people who aren’t considered very popular, they have very rundown materials (they still have a flip phone or still play with the Nintendo 64 rather than the new gaming system) they don’t have certain privileges that rich or middle class people have, tend to have low self-esteem already, and he/she does not socialize or is afraid to. Why do they pick on these people you ask? Its simple think about it someone who doesn’t like someone who is “lame” can easily attack someone who is not very social and sometimes “ a sad sight for sore eyes” because they won’t fight back, they will just lay down and take the abuse. When they finally have had enough they’ll fight back by ending
ReplyDeletetheir own life, or doing bodily or mental harm to others . Which is exactly what the bully wants: they want to make the bully feel worthless and that no one will miss him/her, or push them to their limit, just so they can get some quality entertainment.
Technology has offered allot to our society but has also harmed us. A known example of a catastrophic to our world instance caused by technology is the Chernobyl disaster. On the twenty sixth of April 1986 in Ukraine an explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant released a large amount of radioactive particles in the atmosphere spreading over much of Europe and the Western USSR. In this accident thirty one people died and many long term problems were caused such as environmental and health issues.
ReplyDeleteDespite all the bad press, Exxon is still able to continue to be a renowned oil company. Exxon is the second largest U.S. corporation and biggest oil company. One of the biggest mistakes was that Exxon’s chairman, Lawrence G. Rawl, did not go to Alaska to deal with the oil spill. Instead, he sent a lower-ranking executive to take control of the situation. This gave the impression that the company did not take the pollution seriously and it did not require the attention of a top-level manager. Critics say, “Exxon violated some cardinal rules of crisis management, practitioners of this new specialty say. They predict that the Exxon Valdez episode will become a textbook example of what not to do when an unexpected crisis thrusts a company into the limelight (Holusha).” Even though the oil spill was the largest spill to ever occur, Exxon did not succumb to the media’s outcry of how poorly they have handled the situation. This may be startling to some, however, Exxon effectively advertised through their public relations department by sending apologetic messages and was able to diffuse the situation and take responsibility.
ReplyDeleteOne of the reasons that an employer will hire and fire an employee in the work force is because of background checks. Today, more than two billion people use some kind of social media in order to connect with clients or employees. Of those two billion, Francois Cilliers says that, “Two-thirds (67%) of online American adults are Facebook users” (Cilliers 1) Social media has become a successful tool for companies because it allows them to look up someone and see their recent activity, what they post for pictures, and how they represent themselves. This can cause people to lose their jobs or not get certain position. EEOC chair Jacqueline Barrien said, “’The increasing use of social media in the 21st century workplace presents new opportunities as well as questions and concerns”’ (Barrien) The problem with using the background checks through social media is that employers are only getting a picture painted of what a person is like and from what Cilliers said, “…The use of social media entails some risks on the employer side.” (Cilliers 1). When it comes to social media there is more risk than reward. One wrong post can cause a person to lose their job, but one right post can help them get recruited into a job.
ReplyDeleteCritics wonder why cyberbullying especially harmful in comparison to face to face bullying. The answer is simple- anonymity. Anonymity gives people a false sense of courage and blanket of protection where they may say things that they wouldn’t have the audacity to do in person because there are seemingly no consequences. In addition bullying someone over the internet gives you more efficient access to the person without the worry of repercussions from observing bystanders and leads to less of an uncomfortable circumstance because you don’t have to witness the person respond to the bulliers actions. According to CyberBullyHotline.com 71.9% of high school students reported being cyber bullied once or twice in the school year. 19.6% reported once or twice a month. 5.3% reported once or twice a week. 3.1% reported almost everyday. The comfort of being able to say anything one might want to say regardless of how harsh it is the cause of drastic repercussions such as suicide.
ReplyDelete"I had this God-awful feeling and I ran up into her room and she had hung herself in the closet." (MeganMeierFoundation) Megan Meier was only 14 years old and a victim of cyberbullying. The culprit? A family that lived right down the road. Megan was suffering from depression since her early childhood and also was diagnosed with ADD, making her an easy target for this awful family. As a victim of cyberbullying myself, the mental damage that it does on one’s psyche is something that goes unspoken of in many circles. In order to understand this, one must have a clear definition of what cyberbullying is. Cyberbullying is “the use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group that is intended to harm others.” ( Wesley 1) The family that took the life of Megan Meier fits this bill perfectly. This is evidence that not only physical bullying, but cyberbullying, can mentally affect one to the point of suicide. However, the decay is begun at an early stage and only gets progressively worse with time.
ReplyDeleteThe bomb dropped on Hiroshima, known as “Little boy”, exploded at 8:15 in the morning, some 1900 feet above the ground. The bomb created temperatures over one million degrees Celsius at the heart of the explosion. The scorching hot temperatures then proceeded to ignite the air creating a fireball over 840 feet. Survivors who saw the fireball from u to 5 miles away stated that “its brightness exceeded the sun tenfold.” The fierce fires and increasing temperatures created a firestorm that incinerated everything 4 miles from the blast zone. Then came the “Black rain”. This deadly rain contained dirt, soot, and radioactive particles. This rain than proceeded to contaminate water supplies in places that weren’t even close to Hiroshima. The bomb detonated right on top of Shima Surgical Hospital which made immediate relief impossible. Little Boy instantly killed 140,000 with 100,000 injured, and many more to pass due to radiation poisoning.
ReplyDeleteThe Amazon rainforest has the most biodiversity on the planet, obviously, logging and other forms of deforestation are taking a huge toll on that biodiversity. Tim Boekhout van Solinge states that, “Tropical deforestation obviously… leads to ecological degradation, destruction and the disappearance of animal and plant species” (Solinge 266). Many species of animals have gone extinct as a result of deforestation. This happens because the animal looses the area it lives in, or it looses the place the animal depends on to feed. The Muriquis for example live in trees that provide food for them, as well as protection from many predators. When those trees are taken down, the loose both their homes and their food supply. Because of deforestation in the Amazon, the Muriquis is now endangered.
ReplyDeleteIn a matter of just 32 seconds, a legendary airship went from elite status to smoldering in a fiery inferno of flames. The Hindenburg airship crashed on May 6th, 1937. To this day the cause of that disaster is still a mystery. There is evidence pointing to sabotage, evidence pointing to a fuel leak and evidence pointing to lightening in the air. With all the evidence gathered however, there is only one logical conclusion on how such an elite airship could be pummeled into flames so easily, and that is a simple spark to the hydrogen supply. The evidence confirms the theory of a spark igniting the hydrogen supply. To this point in time, many airships were constructed and inflated using hydrogen gas. However, the problem with hydrogen gas is that it is extremely flammable despite its lighter weight. As Ballard Campbell expresses in his book American Disasters, “To provide the necessary lift, the Hindenburg’s 16 gas cells still had to be filled with combustible hydrogen” (Campbell, 267). At 7:21 PM crew members of the Hindenburg starting to drop the manila ropes from the ship downwards to begin the landing process. The weather on May 6th was a bit questionable; stormy and wet. Not 15 seconds later the first spark lit the hydrogen gas. As Neil Schlager describes it in his book When Technology Fails, “Within seconds, all of these subtle phenomena were followed by a burst of exploding, flaming hydrogen blasting from the top, just forward of the upper fin” (Schlager, 144). A lot of evidence gathered confirms that the manila ropes that were dropped, with the combination of the weather conditions leading to static electricity, ignited a spark on the hull of the airship that soon fueled the hydrogen gas into a large fiery explosion. Although no cause has been confirmed, experts have said this is the most logical reason the elite airship Hindenburg crashed saying, “The final, official judgement was that the Hindenburg was destroyed accidentally by unusual but natural causes” (Schlager, 145).
ReplyDeleteISIS’s social media tactics have been unprecedented in terms in terms of its ability to recruit westerners. "The foreign terrorist now has direct access into the United States like never before," said Michael Steinbach, assistant director of the FBI's counterterrorism division, to the House Homeland Security Committee this week. As of June 5th, 2015, an estimated 3,400 westerners have fled to Join Isis, and at least two hundred Americans have attempted go to Syria (Sanchez, CNN.com). Their ability to reach potential recruits has allowed them to recruit a lot more efficiently. There are thousands of pro-Isis messages being put on the internet, and ISIS just counting that they “land on an individual whose susceptible to that type of terrorist propaganda,” said John Carlin, the assistant attorney general heading the Justice Department's national-security division. If the individual plans to do join ISIS, but stay in their current country, the individual will often plan to make attacks in their own country. John Carlin explains that once an individual who shows legitimate interest in the United States, they will contact the individual and give them “coaching and guidance on how to do an attack inside the United States."
ReplyDeleteCRISPR-Cas9 demonstrates the possibility to revolutionize the health field through developing cancer models, eliminating infectious diseases, and increasing fertility and decreasing miscarriages in women. Firstly, cancer is a major obstacle in healthcare; however, in order to find a cure and enhance treatments, researchers must understand the mechanics of cancer. In “Modeling cancer processes with CRISPR-Cas9,” Xiao-Jie Lu et al. describe how CRISPR-Cas9 may benefit cancer research through the creation of models using gene engineering. For instance, such a technique can “introduce multiple gene mutations simultaneously” in the stem cells of a mouse then cause leukemia in recipient mice (Lu et al. 1). Models have been created in vitro, in a cell culture, and in vivo, in a living organism, to model lung and liver cancer in order for researchers to understand the mechanisms of cancer (Lu et al. 3). Secondly, CRISPR-Cas9 has been successfully tested in mosquito gene drives. The goal of editing the mosquito genome is to eliminate the male population of mosquitoes; therefore, mosquitoes will be unable to reproduce. Over time, the mosquito population will die which will eliminate diseases such as malaria and zika. CRISPR-Cas9 has proven successful in test populations of Saccharomyces, Drosophila, and mosquitoes. According to Kenneth Oye et al.’s article, “Regulating Gene Drives,” the technique cuts “sequences specified by guide RNA molecules.” Oye et al. go on to write that CRISPR-Cas9 may potentially “edit nearly any gene in sexually reproducing populations” (Oye et al.). Thirdly, gene drives may benefit human reproduction which will allow larger, healthier populations to develop. In “Britain approves controversial gene-editing experiments,” Maria Cheng writes of England’s success using CRISPR-Cas9 in increasing fertility and decreasing miscarriages. Genome edits can reduce health risks in infants by increasing genetic diversity. For instance, researchers were allowed to use DNA from three individuals to prevent babies from inheriting “fatal diseases from their mothers.” In addition, England’s success allowed the country to transfer “genetically modified embryos” into women (Cheng). CRISPR-Cas9 has great potential to develop growth in a healthier society.
ReplyDeleteBefore WCST became a new outlet for child pornography and child prostitution, those predators were consumers of child sex tourism. In that act, adults would travel to a lesser-developed foreign country in Asia, Central, or South America and engage in sexual activities with children in that country (US Department of Justice). Enacted in 1994, the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration requires states to register sex offenders and those who have committed crimes against children. That law makes it difficult for predators to become consumers of child sex tourism within the United States, which causes them to travel across international border (Federal Register). Sex tours can be arranged as easily as booking a vacation through a travel agency. They include round-trip airfare, lodging, transportation, a local guide, and a “companion.” Those agencies, which provide child sex tours, still exist today because they often operate under corrupt law enforcement officials (Bang 38). Those child sex tourists and agencies justify their actions because they believe that they are “helping” the children that they are exploiting. Firstly, they say that those children in developing countries need the money in order for their families to avoid economic hardships. Secondly, they add that engaging in sexual acts with children is more acceptable because they do not have American “social taboos against having sex with children,” (US Department of Justice). Although child sex predators may try to justify their acts, they cannot be stopped if the government and law administrations are lax with their enforcement.
ReplyDeleteAlthough there is no direct method to prevent ozone depletion, there are several proposed methods to tackle this growing problem. The most popular proposal is called geoengineering which is the “large-scale manipulation of Earth systems for the purpose of counteracting climate change and its effects” (Morrow). It was first used in World War II, relying on developing technologies to alter weather systems to obtain favorable climate conditions on a regional scale. The most famous of these techniques is cloud seeding, a process that attempts to create rain clouds to dry farmlands by dispensing silver iodide or solid carbon dioxide particles into rain-bearing clouds. But today, researchers have proposed two approaches to the use of geoengineering: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM). Carbon Dioxide Removal involves the removal of carbon from the atmosphere and allows more energy to readily escape into space, and Solar Radiation Management reflects sunlight back into space to prevent Earth from absorbing as much energy in the first place. Although CDR is slower and more expensive, Morrow rationalizes that “this method gets to the root of the problem and raises fewer ethical issues than SRM, which would only mask the problem”. Some CDR techniques include: enhanced rock weathering, ocean fertilization, and direct air capture of carbon dioxide. Some SRM techniques include: marine cloud brightening and stratospheric aerosol injecting which involves lofting particles into the upper atmosphere to reflect sunlight. Geoengineering has never been attempted, proposals have appeared in the late 20th century but only gained popularity when series of discussion and research papers on geoengineering appeared in the Climatic Change journal in 2006. While researchers have conducted computer simulations and proposed a small number of small-scale tests of the underlying physics behind each method, social scientists and philosophers have begun actively exploring issues in geoengineering ethics and governance.
ReplyDeleteDomino effect continues with the reduction in purchasing across the board. Spending money is actually a good thing it stimulates the economy. Individuals from the upper class and lower classes stopped purchasing items. People stop buying extra goods because of fears of further economic woes. This then led to a reduction in the number of items produced and thus another reason why people got laid off from work force and job training in specialized fields. Companies couldn’t afford to pay higher wages because no one was spending money because they were simply scared of the economy and what the future may hold so people saved even the rich. With no money going into businesses they can’t pay to get specialized training witch is very important. For example a heart or brain sergeant has to have a particular set of skills to do what he/she does. That’s not the only field but it’s very important to improve the United States as a whole. Since people wasn’t buying goods this caused more inventory began to accumulate. As people lost their jobs, they were unable to keep up with paying for items they had bought through installment plans and their items were repossessed. According to Gene Smiley, during this time unemployment rate rose above 25%. Spending money is a huge part of our economy if people stop buying our economy can’t grow witch is very bad. During this time people are scared of spending money because of the stock market crash and don’t trust the banks because of all the bank failures. So people just kept their money in safes, under mattress or any other creative place they could find. This is bad because it locks up money in a place where it’s not constantly being cycled back and forth between workers and employers, between businesses and customers. Don’t get me wrong saving money could be really good for the economy only if you put it in the bank so the bank can use your money to loan out. A healthy economy need both saving in the banks and spending.
ReplyDeleteSome people believe that technology’s only use is to assist in the education process. But, technology was one of the driving forces behind the advancement in the United States education system. In the book The Race Between Education and Technology, written by Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, they discuss how technology helped drive people to further their education. They bringup the point that in between 1910 and 1920, clerical jobs were being replaced by machinery. So because of the replacements, there was an increase need of skilled, educated workers. In the following years, Goldin and Katz state that “Each generation of Americans achieved a level of education that greatly exceeded that of the previous one, with typical adults having considerably more years of schooling than their parents.” (pp.287) Because of the constantly developing technology, not as many manual labor jobs are available as there once was. There are jobs though to be the ones operating that technology and even creating the latest and greatest advancements. These jobs require a higher level of education than ever before, which is why each generation has been spending more years in school and earning higher degrees than the one before. In a study done by PEW research Center, women in the Millennial generation are four times more likely as their grandparents to receive at least a bachelor’s degree. While 21% of men of the millennial generation have at least a bachelor’s degree compared to only 12% of the Silent generation men. This is all increasing with the advancement of technology. This shows the role technology had encouraging the improvement of education, not just as a tool in the education system.
ReplyDeleteThe Chernobyl accident was so catastrophic that till this day, even twenty years after the incident, people still have problems with their health. To make clear how damaging it was for the world, more than four hundred radioactive materials were released in Chernobyl than in the explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima. According to many people, thyroid cancer on kids is the worst symptom this accident had on the human health. More than ten thousand people are at this moment affected by the disease of thyroid cancer according to the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Since this incident the rate of thyroid cancer has raised for all ages but especially for adults.
ReplyDeleteTo start with, it should be made clear that this was not an explosion nor an accident. The shuttle was in one-piece and the people on board still alive when it made contact with the ocean (Allinson 108). And since the association of the word “accident” is an event that is unpreventable and unseen, the Challenger disaster was no accident either. For years before the disaster, scientists and analysts at NASA were worried about the technical limits of space flight. At the top of their list of things that could jeopardize missions was the O-rings itself.
ReplyDeleteIn a memo from July 23, 1985, which was leaked to a New York Times reporter after the disaster, two experts from NASA were remarked that “there is little question, however, that flight safety has been and is still being compromised by potential failure of the seals…” and when asked what would happen if the O-rings failed, they answered that “the shuttle would blow up.” (Cook 35).
The failure of O-rings is heavily associated with the ambient temperature. It was recognized that every prior launch conducted below ambient temperature 61º F had resulted in one or more distressed O-rings (Rogers Commission report). The maker of the O-rings used on the Challenger shuttle was Morton Thiokol Inc., which became a household name following the disaster. On the night of January 27th, engineers from the company reported that they were recommending cancellation of launch the next day. This was because of the extremely low temperatures and reports were made that evening. By 1900 hours that night, their recommendations were being discussed by Level I NASA officials. Here, the presidential commission notes that Morton Thiokol’s management and engineers were strong-armed by powerful NASA officials. George Hardy, deputy director of science and engineering at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) reportedly chastised Morton Thiokol’s representatives saying he was “appalled” by their recommendation. Lawrence Mulloy, head of space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) program at MSFC said, “When do you want me to launch, Thiokol, next April?” (Cook 42). Giving in to the pressure, Morton Thiokol management reversed their decision at 2300 hours that night. In their official statement, they added that “the engineers had no part in writing the recommendation and refused to sign it. The engineers did not change from their original recommendation” (Allinson 122).
Men are coming up with scams to lurer women into sex trafficking. With technological advancement they can hide behind websites like Facebook, modeling agencies, and other websites. They are using tactics to get them intrigued by giving them compliments. They are persuasive by pointing out their characteristics of how they are special and that they have the potential to become famous. A daily situation like this would occur, in Illinois a nineteen year old girl came across a modeling ad. Instead the sex offender offering her a modeling job he convinced her to meet someone in a hotel to have sex with. The sex offender would become her pimp a along the way would sell her to other clients.
ReplyDeleteMen are coming up with scams to lurer women into sex trafficking. With technological advancement they can hide behind websites like Facebook, modeling agencies, and other websites. They are using tactics to get them intrigued by giving them compliments. They are persuasive by pointing out their characteristics of how they are special and that they have the potential to become famous. A daily situation like this would occur, in Illinois a nineteen year old girl came across a modeling ad. Instead the sex offender offering her a modeling job he convinced her to meet someone in a hotel to have sex with. The sex offender would become her pimp a along the way would sell her to other clients.
ReplyDeleteThe Hypocrisy of Western Countries
ReplyDeleteWestern society has not shied away from advocating its disapproval of China’s anti environment energy policies, pleading that the government take steps in reducing fossil fuel emissions. On Wednesday November 12th 2014, Chinese president Xi Jinping met with US president Barak Obama who together collaborated over a joint plan between the two countries, in efforts to reduce both Chinese and American greenhouse emotions. President Obama set the goal to cut Americas “by at least 26 percent from 2005 levels by 2025.” President Jinping claimed that China would reach its peak in emitting carbon dioxide by “around 2030” and from there either remain stagnant or begin to decrees. President Jinping added that 20 percent of Chinese energy would be renewable at that point, a 10 percent increase since 2013. This would still place China as the most polluting country in the world, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory predicting that it would be emitting 12 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide. This has prompted western leaders to condemn Chinas economic growth, pointing fingers at them as if China were the cause of global warming itself. Reducing Chinas carbon dioxide emissions would certainly contribute to combating climate change. The former European Union climate commissioner Connie Hedegraad said that by doing so, it would “be a very important gift from China to the whole world” (Edward Wong 2014).
However, In the grad scope of things, the west is just as guilty to contributing to global warming, and some would argue more, as China is. In 2014, 39 percent of US electricity was produced by coal. This is much smaller when compared to China, of which 80 percent of its electricity is created through coal powered power plants (Edward Wong 2014). Never the less, the US is still the second largest emitter of carbon dioxide, with China only recently surpassing the US at the turn of the century. Although western countries like the US make claims to making significant advances in clean energy as well as becoming energy independent, reliance on current fossil fuel consumption and energy imports prove otherwise.
In 1973, the US imported approximately 35 percent of its oil. In 2003, that number had increased to 55 percent (coincidently, this is when Bush declared mission accomplished in Afghanistan). Other westernized countries have experiences the same trend, increasingly relying on imported sources of energy. In 2004, Japan consumed on average 5.4 million barrels of oil on a daily basis, nearly all of it being imported. Even Germany, a world renowned country in advocating for clean renewable energy, imported 93 percent of its 2.6 million barrels a day oil consumption. Finally, France at the time imported virtually all of its oil. As managing partner at NGP Energy Technology Partners Phillip J. Deutch put it, “energy independence is a distant dream for all these countries.”
There has been over 200 million children use for child prostitute since the 1990s. According to Fanny Busuttil, Women who is seeking sexual activity with little boys prefer to go to India (Goa), Jamaica or Gambia whereas men travel to South-East Asia, Morocco, Senegal, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Panama, Suriname and Brazil. “There has been over 500,000 children forced prostitution in India, according to estimates and Local children’s rights and international agencies report that many tourists travelling to Goa seek out child prostitutes”. (Rao)
ReplyDeleteIn Goa, children in the sex industry can be found in Baina and the Children’s Park at Panaji. Baina is a red light district and frequented by locals as well as foreign tourists. Many of the children in these areas have been trafficked into prostitution from the States of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. “The coastal areas of Goa, particularly the beaches, are the favorite destination of tourists and also the place where many children are forced into sex through informal prostitution facilitated by their parents, relatives or other intermediaries”. (Rao)
Causes of Child sex tourism
According to Busuttil Fanny Social issues such as Poverty, lack of education, and unemployment all contribute to the use of children as sex salve. Sex workers include children whose basic needs cannot be met by family for reasons of unemployment, under-employment and loss of one or both parents. “However, over 50% of child sex workers have parents in employment and are still attending school in the resort areas but would like to earn additional pocket money” (Nairobi). Another factor is weak family structure: Family breakdown is seen as an important aspect leading to children being exposed to abuse. There are many street children in India because they have run away from home and live on the streets due to problems at home. Problems can be anything like drug abuse, alcoholism or physical or mental illness of their parents or sometimes other family members. These children are forced to grow up with lack of parental supervision which can caused them end up wandering on the streets and are vulnerable to the lures of sex tourists. According to the UNICEF report one huge factor that fuels sexual tourism of children is the demand for sexual contact with children. “Opportunistic individuals and organized criminals take advantage of the demand for child sex by generating a constant supply of vulnerable children” (UNIEF). They identify potential victims and bring the supply to the demand, creating a veritable child sex market. As a result, vulnerable and victimized children become a means of massive profit generation for these opportunists.
A huge factors that plays into the rise of child sex tourism is corruption and inadequate laws because offenders are not held accountable when laws are not properly implemented. While not all law enforcement officials are corrupt, there is evidence of immoral acts within the police force. Either police commit sexual abuse themselves, accept a brothel owners ‘offer of free services in exchange for their silence, or simply, do not act. “Even though charges are brought against offenders they manage to jump bail and leave the country. There have been very few convictions.” (AFP)
Child slaves family’s expectation
In developing countries, children often follow their family footstep in terms of the career because of tradition, some research suggests that girl’s child enter the sex industry as a direct result of unspoken expectation by other family members, including sisters or mothers already in the industry. “Many of the girls are from the States of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra and often the daughters of migrant women involved in the sex industry”(Sen)
The Chernobyl disaster had caused much damage to the forest sitting around the city. The Red Forest had to deal with a lot of radioactive particles drifting all over the air and setting on top of all the trees in the forest. The particles on the trees have been killing approximately hectares of pine forest and has killed most of the Scots Pines in the area as well (Flanary). Problems have been getting a little better for the Red Forest because now recovery teams are starting to replace all of the all Pine trees with new uncontaminated ones. The recovery team saw a huge risk for the old trees because of how contaminated they had become they were a risk of starting fires and evening at risk of contaminating new healthy trees that were being planted. After replanting trees to help decontaminate the Red Forest they also began to dig trenches and bury the old trees. After doing this the radiation levels decreased by 4-50 times and by the second half of 1987, the maximum level of exposure went down to 180 mR/h (Izrael). The Red Forest has had better days, but the recent events have really created a much more suitable environment for the trees in the forest. It seems like even after all of the contamination from the gamma rays that there seems to be a bright side for the Red Forest.
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ReplyDeleteThough we know much about DNA and genetics, there is still so much more we do not know. The unintended and unforeseen consequences of changing a child’s DNA could be disastrous. According to Thomas R Mertens and Sandra K. Robinson “these potential problems are of the same magnitude as those that confronted society with the development of the atomic bomb. Society was generally unprepared for the social, moral and ethical problems posed by the Atomic Age. Should it also enter the Genetic Age unprepared? Would it not be better to indulge in some thoughtful introspection while we have time to do so, rather than be forced to make decisions having profound biologic, social, and ethical implications under the pressure of some ‘genetic bomb’?” (282 Selected readings in genetic engineering). The problem with changing someones DNA is “we do not know how to prevent new mutations from occurring; indeed, we usually do not even know that a recessive mutation has arisen until it is segregated in the homozygous condition, perhaps many generations after the event” (Nobel Laureate Joshua Lederberg) (283 Selected readings in genetic engineering). We do not understand or have enough information about DNA and genetics and their effects on future generations well enough to warrant us risking such disasters.
Stem cells reduce a big risk for certain patients, which is body’s resistance toward transplanted organ. While organ transplant can be very efficient in a long-term, it should be reminded that in order to see in long-term, short-term must be passed. However, unfortunately, patients with serious chronic illnesses such as heart diseases have a high risk of failure of immune system. Since a transplanted organ is not originally a part of their own bodies, patients’ bodies naturally respond to them as they would to antigens. In order to suppress the rejection of the body, patients are injected immunosuppressants which manipulate their immune system to cut off the possibility of rejection. The problem is, however, those immunosuppresants can be detrimental to patients with prolonged illnesses, whose bodies lack immune system already.
ReplyDeleteOne way the internet is used is for psychological warfare (usip 5). The internet is used for threats, spread false information, and can show videos of their methods. The threats put out by these groups are mainly for fear, and rarely are they carried through. Also, it allows groups to be recognized. “The Internet—an uncensored medium that carries stories, pictures, threats, or messages regardless of their validity or potential impact—is peculiarly well suited to allowing even a small group to amplify its message and exaggerate its importance and the threat it poses” (usip 5), small groups desperately need the internet to be recognized, and this quote shows the manner in which they gain recognition. Once any group gains popularity, they can manipulate the internet in many ways.
ReplyDeleteComputer have got so smart that humans started calling computer robots meaning, a mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complexity human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance. Robots now perform roughly ten percent of manufacturing tasks that can be done by machines, in the United States automatic industry a machine working cost eight dollars an hour versus twenty five dollars an hour for a human to work. Companies all over the world not just the USA tends to start thinking about replacing workers when a cost of owning and operating a system come at a fifteen percent discount to employing a human counterpart. From the robots working so fast and good the shift will mean an increase demand for human to sharpen up on skills to compete or keep up with a machine. There will be changed in the future mainly will be forced in four areas in the works force transportation equipment, including the automotive sector, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment and machinery.
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